Monday, April 14, 2008


Lobnitz Marine Holdings is a British shipbuilding company located at Renfrew in Scotland. The company builds dredges, floating docks, fishing boats, tugs and workboats.
The company is descended from Lobnitz and Company, Limited, who built small commercial and naval vessels during both World War I and World War II. Lobnitz built many vessels for the Royal Navy, including several Bangor class minesweepers.
The family at one time lived at Chapeltoun House in East Ayrshire.
Lobnitz

Sunday, April 13, 2008

Dog sled
A dog sled is a sled pulled by one or more sled dogs used to travel over ice and through snow. Numerous types of sleds are used, depending on their function.
A basket sled has a bed raised several inches above the surface of the snow. This type of sled is used in dogsled racing. Sprint sleds are often short-bodied basket sleds. A toboggan sled has a lower carriage and uses a closed bed, allowing the sled to slide or float over deep snow. Freight sleds, which are heavier and sturdier than sprint sleds, may be toboggan or basket sleds. Both of these types of sleds have runners which stick out behind the sled, on which the musher can stand. For brakes, older sleds relied on hooks attached to the sled with a rope, modern sleds usually include drag and claw brakes built into the sled.
Dog power has been utilized for hunting and travel for hundreds of years. As far back as the tenth century these dogs have contributed to the culture of people. (Coppinger, L.) [1]
Today dog sled teams are put together with great care. Putting together a dog sled team involves putting together a team of leader dogs, point dogs, swing dogs, and wheel dogs. The lead dog is very treasured, and seldom will mushers let these dogs out of their sights. Indeed, trained lead dogs become part of the family household. Important too is to have powerful wheel dogs to pull the sled out from the snow. Point dogs (optional) are located behind the leader dogs, swing dogs between the point and wheel dogs, and team dogs are all other dogs in between the wheel and swing dogs and are selected for their endurance, strength and speed as part of the team. Alaskans take great pride in putting together a great team of musher dogs! View: [2] for an example of sled dog team building.
A recent innovation in sled design was introduced in the 2004 Iditarod by Jeff King, who used a split sled for the race. This sled, the Tail Dragger, has a basket-style body with a freight-holding back end, and an open middle. The musher can sit on the back part or stand in the middle.
The komatik is a traditional Inuit sled, used in Canada and Greenland, low-slung and on which the hunter or racer sits or lies down, facing forward. The runners do not stick out as in basket sleds.
A pulk is a short, flat sled used in the Scandinavian sport of pulka. The dog is hitched to the sled and the sled to the skier. The pulk is used to carry supplies or equipment, but not usually a person.
The expedition led by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen used dog sleds when they reached the South Pole before Robert Falcon Scott's party did.
A dog sled race was included at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York as a demonstration event.

Saturday, April 12, 2008

Georges Charpak
Georges Charpak (born August 1, 1924) is a Polish-French physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics winner.
Charpak was born in the village of Dąbrowica in Poland (modern Dubrovytsia, Ukraine) to a Jewish family of Polish/Ukrainian origin as Jerzy Charpak. Charpak's family moved from Poland to Paris when he was seven years old.
During World War II Charpak served in the resistance and was imprisoned by Vichy authorities in 1943. In 1944 he was deported to the Nazi concentration camp at Dachau, where he remained until the camp was liberated in 1945. After graduating from Lycée de Montpellier, in 1945 he joined the Paris-based École des Mines, one of the most prestigious engineering schools in France. The following year he became a naturalized French citizen.
He graduated and in 1948 he earned the Bachelor's degree in mining engineering and started working for the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). He received his doctorate in 1954 from Nuclear Physics at the Collège de France, Paris, where he worked in the laboratory of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. In 1959 he joined the staff of CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Geneva and in 1984 also became Joliot-Curie professor at the School of Advanced Studies in Physics and Chemistry, Paris.
He was made a member of the French Academy of Science in 1985. In 1992, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber".
In France, Charpak is a very strong advocate for nuclear power. Prof. Charpak is a member of the Board of Sponsors of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists[1].

Friday, April 11, 2008


The A45 is a major road in England. It runs east from Birmingham past the National Exhibition Centre and the M42, then bypasses Coventry and Rugby, where it briefly merges with the M45 until it continues to Daventry. It then heads to Northampton and Wellingborough before running north of Rushden and Higham Ferrers and terminating at its junction with the A14 road near Thrapston.
The road used to run to Felixstowe but most of the route was re-designated as the A14 in the mid-1990s.

Birmingham to Coventry
The former route of the A45 through Coventry exits at a junction as the A4114, in the part of Coventry called Allesley, the western end of the Coventry bypass. At the staggered junction with the B4101, there is the factory of Massey Ferguson, now owned by TRW, and a Sainsburys supermarket in Tile Hill. The road passes over the West Coast Main Line, then enters Canley near a roundabout which is the main exit for the University of Warwick. There is a traffic-light junction with the A429, heading to Kenilworth. There is a roundabout with the B4113, then a GSJ with the A46 and A45. This busy section has many speed cameras and overlaps with the A46. The next roundabout near Tollbar End, called the Tollbar Island, is one of the busiest in the Midlands. It has exits for the A46 north/Coventry Eastern Bypass, Coventry Airport, and B4110, the former route of the A45. There are plans to build a GSJ here - the A45 will go under the other roads.
Where the road crosses the River Avon, the road re-enters Warwickshire. The A423 exits to the south-east at a GSJ near the UK factory of Peugeot. The main road from Warwick, the A445, meets near Ryton-on-Dunsmore at traffic lights. This section has many speed cameras. Further east, there is a roundabout with the B4455, the Fosse Way. There is a grade separated junction ("GSJ") with the main road for Rugby, the A4071, and the B4453. There is a Texaco garage here. The next roundabout near Thurlaston used to be very busy before 1972, when the M6 opened. It is now the start of the M45. The former A45 passes through Dunchurch as the B4429. A junction was built on the M45 in 1991 to allow traffic to head south-east onto the A45, and to alleviate traffic congestion in Dunchurch.

Coventry to Dunchurch
Heading towards Daventry, the road is fairly wide and single-carriageway. The road passes a prison at Rye Hill and a Young Offender Institution next to it at Onley. After Willoughby, the road enters Northamptonshire, where it crosses the Oxford Canal and Grand Union Canal near Braunston. The Jurassic Way crosses the road here. The road enters Daventry, home to large distribution centres for Ford Motor Company, Tesco and Diageo. The road briefly runs concurrent with the A425 heading to Leamington Spa, then heads south-east on the Daventry bypass, called the Stefen Way. The road meets the B4038 at a roundabout where the A425 exits. The road heads west past Dodford to Weedon Bec, where it crosses the West Coast Main Line and Grand Union Canal, then meets the A5 at traffic lights. The road passes through Flore, then meets the M1 at junction 16.

A45 road Dunchurch to M1 at Northampton
Until 2004, the route of the A45 headed east along the dual-carriageway from junction 16 towards Northampton, but now it has been diverted to follow the M1 south, then to join with the route of the A508 north from junction 15, to join the main flow of traffic on the Northampton bypass. Although slightly longer this route involves fewer roundabouts. From the point as which it meets the old route at the A45/A508 GSJ, near Northampton High School, it crosses the River Nene and Nene Way, then there is a large GSJ with the A428. This section is the Nene Valley Way, and overlaps with the A43, which exits at a GSJ near Weston Favell. The GSJ with the A5076 is also the exit for Billing Aquadrome.
The former route of the A45 to Wellingborough is now the A4500. The road has a GSJ with the B573 near Earls Barton, which has a famous Saxon church. The road meets the Wellingborough bypass (A509) at a roundabout. It runs concurrently with the A509 to the GSJ near the bridge over the River Nene, where the A509 exits south near Irchester Country Park.
East of Wellingborough, the road crosses the Midland Main Line. There is a GSJ for the A5001, which heads to Rushden. There is then a roundabout with the A5028. This is the point where the new road (post-A14), heads north-east rather than due east. The old route, now the B645, heads through Higham Ferrers, which is now bypassed by the A45. The bypass runs alongside the River Nene. At the roundabout with the A6 near Irthlingborough, it starts the follow the former route of the A605. The section of dual carriageway from the M1 now ends at the next roundabout. This is the start of the Raunds bypass. The next roundabout is with the B663. The route bypasses Ringstead and the A45 finishes at a GSJ with the A14 near Thrapston.

Annexed section
The original (1923) route of the A45 was Birmingham to Ipswich. The road was extended to Felixstowe in 1935, replacing the A139.
When the new A14 A1-M1 link road was opened to traffic in the mid-1990s, the Cambridge to Felixstowe stretch of the A45 was redesignated as the A14; from the former A605 to the A1 it was downgraded to B645; and from the A1 to Cambridge it became part of an extended A428.

Thursday, April 10, 2008


For the figure skater, see Benjamin Miller
Ben Miller (born 1966) is a British comedian, director and actor.

Ben Miller Career
While at Cambridge, he acted with and dated Rachel Weisz.

Awards

2000 - There's Only One Jimmy Grimble - Johnny Two Dogs, alongside Ray Winstone and Robert Carlyle
2001 - The Parole Officer, Colin - A Steve Coogan project
2003 - Johnny English - Bough, English's Sidekick, alongside Rowan Atkinson
2007 - Razzle Dazzle: A Journey Into Dance - Mr. Jonathon

Wednesday, April 9, 2008

Union Canal (Scotland)
The Union Canal is a 31.5 mile (50.7 km) contour canal in Scotland, from Lochrin Basin in Edinburgh to Falkirk, where it meets the Forth and Clyde Canal. It was originally known as the Edinburgh and Glasgow Union Canal, to celebrate the uniting of the two cities by the new canal network, but this name is rarely used today.
The canal was designed by Hugh Baird who oversaw the engineering work while it was being built between 1818 and 1822. Two of its construction workers were the famous murderers Burke and Hare.
The soliton was first demonstrated on the Union Canal in 1834. A modern aqueduct over the Edinburgh City Bypass is named after the discoverer of the soliton, John Scott Russell.
Originally used for transporting coal, competition from the railways caused it to close to commercial use in the 1930s. The locks connecting it to the Forth and Clyde Canal at Falkirk were filled in and built over.
The canal is now used recreationally by canoeists at the Forth Canoe Club and rowers from schools and St Andrew Rowing Club. The Edinburgh, Ratho and Linlithgow Canal Societies promote general use of the canal and hire rowing and narrowboats.
The Millennium Link (a project to restore both the Union and Forth and Clyde Canals) saw the two canals joined once again at the Falkirk end of the Union Canal, in the year 2000, by means of the Falkirk Wheel.
The Union Canal is a contour canal, following a 73 metre (240ft) contour throughout its length. Originally the only locks were those at Falkirk to make the link to the Forth and Clyde canal. Now there is one lock just before the Falkirk Wheel and a double lock just above. There is also a new tunnel where the canal crosses the Antonine Wall.
The canal has many aqueducts, including the Slateford Aqueduct that takes the canal over the Water of Leith in Edinburgh, the Almond Aqueduct near Ratho and the 810ft long Avon Aqueduct near Linlithgow, the second longest in the United Kingdom.
The Edinburgh end of the canal no longer reaches the site of Lochrin Basin, which was filled in after the canal closed. Instead the canal stops a little to the south and west of Lochrin Basin, at the site of another basin at Fountainbridge. This area is currently being redeveloped as Edinburgh Quay for commercial and residential use.
With the canal now largely restored for both boating and for walkers and cyclists on the towpath it is enjoying new life. Holiday barges are common in the spring and summer, while in area nearer the city centre there are even year-round residents living on barges while 'floating restaurant' barges sail most evenings where you can enjoy a meal and a cruise. Local rowing clubs continue to use the canal (notably from the universities in the city) and on June 30th 2007 a raft race (pictured) was held at the final section near Fountainbridge, behind the now disused Scottish and Newcastle Brewery along to the end of the canal at Tollcross, close to the original home of Sir Sean Connery, all using found 'junk' material. The picture above shows some of the competitors coming through the raised Leamington Lift Bridge (now all working once more) to reach the start line.

Tuesday, April 8, 2008

Prelude
Ibrahim sent an envoy to Mani demanding its surrender or else he would pillage it.

Battle of Vergas Battle of Vergas
During the Battle of Vergas, Ibrahim decided to attack the Maniots from the rear. His plan was to send a small fleet with a few soldiers to land at the Bay of Diros, 2 kilometers south of Areopolis.

Battle of Diro
After his retreat from Mani due to the defeats at Vergas and Diros Pasha renewed his offensive in August. This was the last invasion launched against Mani.

Battle of Polytsaravo
Even though this campaign is overshadowed by other battles of the revolution, this one was one of the most important. The Maniates stopped the Egyptians and Ibrahim Pasha who had not been defeated this desicevly before. The women who defeated the Egyptians at Diros have been given the name of 'The Amazons of Diros'. This ended the Maniots' independence and they were forced to pay taxes.

Notes