University Challenge is a long-running British television quiz show, licensed and produced by Granada Television. The format is based on the American show College Bowl, which ran on NBC radio from 1953 to 1957, and on NBC TV from 1959 to 1970. College Bowl is credited in the end title.

History
The current tournament format used for a series is that of a direct knockout tournament starting with 28 teams. The 14 first round winners progress directly to the last 16. Two matches, involving the four highest scoring losing teams from the first round whose losing scores often exceeded winning scores in other first round matches, fill the remaining places in the last 16.
Teams consist of four members and represent either a single university or a college of the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Wales or London.
"Starter" questions are answered individually "on the buzzer" without conferring and are worth 10 points. The team answering a starter correctly gets a set of "bonus" questions worth a potential 15 points, over which they can confer. Sets of bonus questions are thematically linked, although they rarely share a connection with the preceding starter question. Generally there are three separate bonus questions worth 5 points each, but occasionally a bonus will require the enumeration of a given list with 5, 10 or 15 points given for correctly giving a certain number of items from the list (eg, "there are six fundamental SI units. Give 4 for 5 points, 5 for 10 points or all 6 for 15 points"). An incorrect interruption of a starter results in a 5 point penalty.
In the course of a game there are two "picture rounds" (occurring roughly one quarter and three quarters of the way through) and one "music round" (at the halfway point), where the subsequent bonuses are connected thematically to the starter; if a picture or music starter is not correctly answered, the accompanying bonus questions are held back until a normal starter is correctly answered.
The pace of questioning gradually increases through the show, becoming almost frantic in the last minute or so before the "gong" which signals the end of the game. In the event of a tied score at the sound of the gong, a "sudden death" question is asked, the first team to answer correctly being deemed the winner; this is repeated until one or other of the teams answer correctly, or a team loses by giving an incorrect interruption.
While the starter questions are being read out, the teams are shown on screen one above the other by means of a split-screen effect. When a player buzzes in, the shot zooms in to that player, accompanied by a voice-over identifying the player by team and surname, for example "Nottingham, Smith". The voiceovers are performed live in the studio by Roger Tilling and become noticeably more energetic towards the end of the programme.

Format
The fact that the Oxford and Cambridge universities can enter each of their colleges as a separate team despite not being universities in the conventional sense was the ostensible inspiration for an unusual 1975 protest. A team from the University of Manchester (which included David Aaronovitch) who were appearing on the show answered every question "Che Guevara", "Marx", "Trotsky" or "Lenin", possibly in the hope of making the resulting show unbroadcastable. It did however get broadcast, although only portions of the episode still exist in the archives of Granada TV.
The University of Essex is the only institution to have been banned from the show. They allegedly "trashed" the set after an appearance. The 2003 final was contested between two teams of mature students, with Birkbeck, University of London defeating Cranfield University.

Controversy

David Aaronovitch - University of Manchester, 1975
Ian Brackenbury Channell (The Wizard of New Zealand)
Sebastian Faulks - Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1972
Julian Fellowes - Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1969
Stephen Fry - Queens' College, Cambridge, 1980
Clive James - Pembroke College, Cambridge
David Lidington - Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1978
Miriam Margolyes - Newnham College, Cambridge, 1963
David Mellor - Christ's College, Cambridge
Charles Moore - Trinity College, Cambridge
Malcolm Rifkind - University of Edinburgh, 1967
John Simpson - Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1964
June Tabor - St Hugh's College, Oxford, 1968 Famous Contestants
The producers of the programme have taken the more recent inclusion of mature students to its logical conclusion by making two series without any student participants: University Challenge Reunited (2002) brought former teams back together, while University Challenge: The Professionals (from 2003) matched occupational groups such as civil servants, architects and doctors against each other. In 2003, the former was won by the 1979 team from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, the latter by a team from the Inland Revenue. The 2004 Professionals series was won by the British Library, and the 2005 series by the Privy Council Office. In 2006, Professionals was won by staff of the Bodleian Library of Oxford.
Sixth Form Challenge, hosted by Chris Kelly, appeared briefly in 1965-7. An untelevised equivalent, Schools' Challenge continues to run at junior-high and senior-high school level.
University Challenge ran in New Zealand for 14 seasons, from 1976 until 1989, with international series held between the previous years' British and New Zealand champions in both 1986 and 1987.
University Challenge, hosted by Dr Magnus Clarke, ran in Australia on the ABC from 1987 until 1989.
University Challenge India started in summer 2003, with the season culminating in the finals of March 2004 where Sardar Patel College of Engineering (SPCE), Bombay, beat Indian School of Business (ISB), Hyderabad. The 2004-05 season finale saw a team of undergraduate engineering students from Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (NSIT), Delhi beat a team of management students from the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Kozhikode.The Indian winners of the 2003-04 season went on to beat the finalists from the UK show, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. UC India is produced by BBC World India, and Synergy communications, co-owned by Siddhartha Basu, who also hosts the show.
The show has seen numerous specials, including those for specific professions and celebrity editions, such as Universe Challenge, where the cast of Red Dwarf challenged a team of their "ultimate fans" to celebrate Red Dwarf's 10th anniversary on the air. The cast was Chris Barrie (captain), Danny John-Jules, Robert Llewellyn, Chloe Annett and Craig Charles. The cast, who at times seemed amazed at the fans' knowledge, lost.

Winners



New series
The lowest score during a regular series was by New Hall, Cambridge, who totalled just 35 in 1997, thus taking the title, which had previously been held by Birkbeck, University of London. The University of Bradford also scored 35 in 2004, as did the Royal Naval College in the 2003 Professionals series.
However, the all-time low for the Paxman era was also achieved in the 2003 Professionals series, when the Members of Parliament team scored only 25.
In 2006, Robinson College, Cambridge scored 40 points. Other teams to score only 40 have included Oxford Brookes University (1998); University of St Andrews (2001 and 2004); Keele University (2002) and Queen's University Belfast (2005).

Lowest scores

University Challenge in popular culture